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Design and Implementation of Sensor Node for Wireless Sensors 1-11 |
Network to Monitor Humidity of High-Tech Polyhouse Environment |
B. P. Ladgaonkar and A. M. Pawar |
ABSTRACT: Wireless Sensors Network is a novel field shows tremendous
application potential. To monitor the environmental parameters of high-tech
polyhouse the Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is developed. The heart of
this ubiquitous field is the Wireless Sensor Node. Moreover, the field of
microcontroller based embedded technology is innovative and more reliable.
Therefore, based on an embedded technology and the RF module Zigbee a
wireless senor node is designed about highly promising AVR ATmega8L
microcontroller and implemented for WSN development. Recently, the modern
agriculturists are demanding sophisticated instrumentation for measurement
and control of environmental parameters of the polyhouse. To enhance crop
yield one has to provide controlled environment to the crop. The humidity is
important parameter, which plays vital role on the crop yield. Therefore, a
Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is designed and implemented for monitoring
of humidity of polyhouse and the results of implementation are interpreted in
this paper. |
Embedding Image in Mid Frequency Band Using DWT Technique 12-17 | |
Amandeep Kaur, Blossom Kaur, Navneet Singh, Sukhdeep Singh, Parneet Kaur |
ABSTRACT: As for the ensurement of copyright protection of the cover image
and the watermark, we propose a DWT based dual watermarking technique in
which blind and non-blind algorithms are used. The binary image and the mid-
frequency coefficients of the cover image are used to modify the DWT
coefficients of the primary watermark .As some features are embedded in the
watermark, the security is increased and it ensures the protection of
watermark from any copy attack. For the fulfilment of the purpose a new
pseudorandom generator based on the mathematical constant ð has been
developed. The unpredictable nature of the embedding process has been
ensured by the incorporated randomness of the existing techniques in
selecting the location to embed the watermark. Since the watermarked cover
image with the signed-logo is subjected to various attacks like, rotation,
noising etc, so the results show that it is very robust and has good invisibility. |
Adaptation of Watt’s Indicator Mechanism in Altitude Measurement 18-22 | |
Arjun Shankar, Arun Kumar. B, Vignesh. V |
ABSTRACT: The most important systems being used for the effective and
safe operation of an airplane is the Altitude Measurement Systems, a duty
carried out by means of an Altimeter. The Altimeter output is affected by the
input that is given to it. The input that is used by the Altimeter to show the
desired altitude is nothing but the barometric pressure at the height at which
the aircraft is travelling in. The barometric pressure is converted to the
appropriate altitude by means of either Pitot Tubes or Sensors. The Pitot-tube
is being used widely in all commercial airliners. The Pitot-Static systems are
extremely susceptible to blockage by foreign bodies in case the aircraft sits
on the tarmac for long time. To avoid contamination of the liquid which senses
the change in pressure, the pitot-tubes are covered and if this cover is not
removed, the pitot-tube gets blocked. Sensors are extremely susceptible to be
burdened by ice, and in cases where the heating is not available in the place
where the sensors are kept, erratic altitudes may result. It is therefore
proposed, theoretically, to make efficient use of a four bar chain mechanism,
called the Watt’s Indicator Mechanism, in order to eradicate the effects of
blockage by foreign matter and burdening by ice and thereby promoting the
effective measurement of Altitude in Airplanes. This mechanism would be able
to provide means of measuring altitude if calibrated appropriately. |
ABSTRACT: The process machine including provision for variation in load and
this is achieved by using three phase cycloconverter based variable voltage
variable frequency (VVVF) method. To realize this, a demand torque
characteristics of a specific process machine is studied. The cycle duration of
demand torque characteristics is divided into suitable number of time intervals.
The subdivisions of time intervals in form of frequencies are tabulated to
simplify design procedure. Change in frequency on particular subdivision
results in demand torque of the induction motor. To meet this new frequency
hence voltage, three phase cycloconverter is designed. This contribution
describes a method used to simulate an induction motor drive using MATLAB
software. |
Assessment of Process Parameters in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of 34-40 | |
Stainlesssteel |
M. Chithirai Pon Selvan, N. Mohana Sundara Raju |
ABSTRACT: Abrasive waterjet cutting is one of the non-traditional cutting
processes capable of cutting wide range of hard-to-cut materials. This paper
assesses the influence of process parameters on depth of cut which is an
important cutting performance measure in abrasive waterjet cutting of stainless
steel. The process variables considered here include traverse speed, abrasive
flow rate, standoff distance and water pressure. Experiments were conducted
in varying these parameters for cutting stainless steel using abrasive waterjet
cutting process. In order to correctly select the process parameters, an
empirical model for the prediction of depth of cut in abrasive waterjet cutting of
stainless steel is developed using regression analysis. This developed model
has been verified with the experimental results that reveal a high applicability
of the model within the experimental range used. |
Carrier Frequency Selection of Three-Phase Matrix Converter | 41-54 |
Pawan Kumar Sen, Neha Sharma, Ankit Kumar Srivastava, Dinesh Kumar, | |
Deependra Singh , K.S. Verma |
ABSTRACT: Analysis and design of Three-phase Matrix converter for R and R-
L load is presented. In this paper Carrier (switching) frequency for matrix
converter is defined on behalf of the different values of R and R-L loads. An
Indirect space vector modulation (ISVM) technique is used for controlling the
switching pattern of matrix converter as operating in rectifier and inverter mode. |
7. | Study of Thermal Stability Behavior of MoN & WN Thin Films in ULSI 55-64 |
Ravi Panwar, Asha Dhingra, Dinesh kumar |
ABSTRACT: The thermal stability of amorphous MoN & WN thin films was
investigated against Cu diffusion. The MoN & WN layers were reactively
sputtered of 50 nm by using a different nitrogen flow rates. The phase
identification was evaluated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), four probe method
and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicate that the amorphous
50 nm MoN layer acts as a good diffusion barrier up to 600 °C for Cu
metallization and on the other hand the amorphous WN layer acts as a good
diffusion barrier up to 500 °C. |
8. | A Review on Jominy Test and Determination of Effect of Alloying 65-71 |
Elements on Hardenability of Steel Using Jominy End Quench Test |
Bhaskar Chandra Kandpal, Agnay Chutani, Amit Gulia, Harsimran, |
Chandan Sadanna |
ABSTRACT: Hardenability of steel is defined as the susceptibility of the steel
to hardening when quenched, and is related to the depth and distribution of
hardness across a cross section. There are various factors which effect
hardenability of steels such as austenite grain size, carbon content and
alloying elements percentage. Hardenability property is so important that a
simple test is essential to measure it. There are various methods to measure
hardenability of steel such as Grossman critical diameter method, Jominy end
quench test, estimation of hardenability from chemical composition and
Fracture test .The Jominy end-quench test, though inelegant from a scientific
standpoint, fills this need. In this paper we discussed about the significance of
hardenability and role of Jominy test in measurement of hardenability. |
9. | Steganographic Approach for Hiding Image in DCT Domain | 72-78 |
Blossom Kaur, Amandeep Kaur, Jasdeep Singh |
ABSTRACT: Since all the multimedia products are released via internet so it’s
an urgent need today to protect the data from malicious attacks. This lead to
the research in the area of Digital watermarking which intends to protect the
copyright information of the intellectuals. In this paper a DCT based
watermarking scheme is proposed which provides higher resistance to image
processing attacks such as JPEG compression, noise, rotation, translation
etc .In this approach, the watermark is embedded in the mid frequency band
of the DCT blocks carrying low frequency components and the high frequency
sub band components remain unused. Watermark is inserted by adjusting the
DCT coefficients of the image and by using the private key. Watermark can
then be extracted using the same private key without resorting to the original
image. Performance analysis shows that the watermark is robust. |
Modeling and Simulation of SVC Controller for Enhancement of 79-84 |
Power System Stability |
Alisha Banga, S.S. Kaushik |
ABSTRACT: This paper will discuss and demonstrate how Static Var
Compensator (SVC) has successfully been applied to control transmission
systems dynamic performance for system disturbance and effectively regulate
system voltage. SVC is basically a shunt connected static var generator
whose output is adjusted to exchange capacitive or inductive current so as to
maintain or control specific power variable; typically, the control variable is the
SVC bus voltage. One of the major reasons for installing a SVC is to improve
dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. There are the
mainly accomplishes work to construct an effective for SVC. Firstly, to design
a controller for SVC devices on transmission lines, a Single Machine Infinite
Bus (SMIB) system is modeled. In this paper, simple circuit model of Thyristor
Controlled Reactor is simulated. |
A Comprehensive Study of Spectrum Sensing Techniques in | 85-97 |
Cognitive Radio |
Nisha Yadav, Suman Rathi |
ABSTRACT: The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural scarce resource.
Radio transmission involves the use of part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Use of spectrum is regulated by government agencies such as Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Cognitive radio
provides solution to the spectrum scarcity problem. Spectrum sensing for CR
is an extremely well researched topic. The biggest challenge related to
spectrum sensing is in developing sensing techniques which are able to detect
very weak primary user signals while being sufficiently fast and low cost to
implement. The various spectrum sensing techniques are: classical spectrum
sensing, cooperative spectrum sensing, multiple antenna sensing and MIMO
spectrum sensing. This paper provides brief overview of all existing spectrum
sensing techniques and comparison is evaluated on the basis of their capacity
of detecting the presence of primary users. Among these entire spectrum
sensing techniques MIMO spectrum sensing is most efficient as it provides
higher capacity, low value of probability of false alarm and high value of
probability of detection |
ABSTRACT: In the present investigation the distribution of mean velocity,
static pressure and total pressure are experimentally studied on an annular
curved diffuser of 37.5° angle of turn with an area ratio of 1.284 and centerline
length was chosen as three times of inlet diameter. The experimental results
then were numerically validated with the help of Fluent and then a series of
parametric investigations are conducted with same centre line length and inlet
diameter but with different area ratios varying from 1.15 to 3.75. The
measurements were taken at Reynolds number 2.15 x 105 based on inlet
diameter and mass average inlet velocity. Predicted results of coefficient of
mass averaged static pressure recovery (31%) and coefficient of mass
averaged total pressure loss (21%) are in good agreement with the
experimental results of coefficient of mass averaged static pressure recovery
(27%) and coefficient of mass averaged total pressure loss (17%) respectively.
Standard k-å model in fluent solver was chosen for validation. From the
parametric investigation it is observed that static pressure recovery increases
up to an area ratio of 2.86 and between the area ration 2.86 to 3.75, pressure
recovery decreases steadily. The coefficient of total pressure loss almost
remains constant with the change in area ratio for similar inlet conditions. |
Power Control and Performance Improvement of Infrastructureless 105-110 |
Networks Using Directional Antennas |
Nalin Gahlaut, Jaya sharma, Sandip Vijay, S.C. Gupta |
ABSTRACT: Infrastructureless networks are the collection of two or more
nodes, which are connected in decentralized manner for enabling wireless
communication. In infrastructureless networks any node can move at any time
so these types of networks require routing protocols those have dynamically
changing topology. There are many approaches have been proposed by
researchers to improve the system performances of infrastructureless
networks. These approaches include the use of directional antennas & power
control mechanisms. Actually, directional antennas could be used for
transmitting as well as receiving but mostly researchers consider only
directional transmission. In this work, a power controlled directional medium
access control protocol has been proposed, which enables both directional
transmission and reception of data and control packets. The performance of
our protocol has been evaluated in heterogeneous infrastructureless scenario
and results show that how much performance enhancement can be achieved
by using directional antennas and power control mechanism. |
ABSTRACT: The tribological consideration in the contacts formed by piston
ring assembly have attracted more attention over several decades. @ 13-17%
of total frictional losses observed in I.C. engine and 35-50% of total friction
losses is due to PRA system. This paper reports a set of experiments were
carried out on developed experimental setup at laboratory scale to measure
PRA friction of multi cylinder 800 cc engine system indirectly by measurement
of power consumption by Strip Method. In experiment the fabricated test rig of
800 cc multi cylinder internal combustion engine system with crank
mechanism and without gear box is used. . Crank shaft is coupled with
induction motor to drive the engine. A.C. motor with variable frequency drive
(VFD) is used to vary the engine speed. The temperatures at different
locations are measured by RTD temperature sensors. The experimental results
and observations are carried out under different operating conditions in speed
ranges from 600 rpm to 2400 rpm. |
15. | Position Control of Servo Motor Using Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controller 118-127 |
Ankur Gupta, Aziz Ahmad, Amit Kumar |
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the development of different control
techniques such as Fuzzy, Sliding mode, and Sliding Mode fuzzy controllers
for the servo drive system. Servomotors are widely used in industry due to their
relatively low cost and high reliability. To get high performances we have to
control the input variable in uncertainties and disturbance. Two cases are
discussed for each control scheme. Normal case, parameter variation case,
and disturbance case are considered. When fuzzy Controller is implemented in
the system. Fuzzy controller gives better performance compared to other
controllers but results are ineffective for disturbance case. Sliding mode fuzzy
control is then implemented. It is observed that system performance increases
when compared to fuzzy control for parameter variation case and for
disturbance case which shows the robustness of SMFC. So sliding mode
fuzzy control is superior when compared to other controller in terms of control
performance. Various control schemes are then compared with each other.
Simulations are carried out on MATLAB. |
16. | Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of the | 128-137 |
Investment Castings Produced by using Expandable Polystyrene Pattern |
Nikhil Yadav, D. B. Karunakar |
ABSTRACT: The present study is concerned with the investigation of
mechanical properties of A713 alloy castings produced by investment casting
process using expandable polystyrene as the pattern material and the plaster
of paris as the mould material. Experiments were conducted as per Taguchi’s
L9 orthogonal array. Castings were made under the constraint of different
process parameters like mould firing temperature, pouring temperature, firing
time and mixing of silica sand of different grain fineness numbers to
investigate their effects on the surface hardness, impact strength and tensile
strength of the final castings. The variations in the trend of the aforesaid
mechanical properties were observed and it was deduced out that high mould
firing temperature, higher pouring temperature, maximum firing time and high
grain fineness number significantly reduce the mechanical properties of A713
alloy castings produced by the above process. |
17. | Design and Noise Analysis of Biquad GIC Notch Filter in | 138-144 |
0.18 µm CMOS Technology |
Akhilesh Kumar, Bhanu Pratap Singh Dohare, Jyoti Athiya |
ABSTRACT: In design of analog circuits not only the gain and speed are
important but power dissipation, supply voltage, linearity, noise and maximum
voltage swing are also important. Noise limits the minimum signal level that a
circuit can process with acceptable quality. Today analog designers constantly
deal with the problem of noise because it trades with power dissipation, speed,
and linearity. So in this paper a biquad GIC notch filter is design which
provides low noise linearity. In this research, the design and VLSI
implementation of active analog filter, based on the Generalized Impedance
Converter (GIC) circuit, are presented. The analog features include the filter
type (band pass, high pass, low pass or notch), the centre or cut off frequency,
and the quality factor. The circuit is then modeled and simulated using the
Cadence Design Tools software package. Active filters are implemented using
a combination of passive and active (amplifying) components, and require an
outside power source. Operational amplifiers are frequently used in active filter
designs. These can have high Q factor, and can achieve resonance without the
use of inductors. This paper presents a new biquad GIC notch filter topology
for image rejection in heterodyne receivers and Front End receiver applications.
The circuit contains two op-amp, resistors, and capacitor topology for testing
purposes. It is implemented with standard CMOS 0.18ìm technology. The
circuit consumes 0.54 mW of power with a open loop gain 0dB, 1 dB
compression point the linear gain obtained +7.5dBm at 1.1 kHz and 105
degree phase response , from a 1.8V power supply optimum. |
18. | Performance Evaluation of AC Motor Drives Through Matrix Converter 145-161 |
- An Indirect Space Vector Modulation Approach |
Pawan Kumar Sen, Neha Sharma, Ankit Kumar Srivastava, Dinesh Kumar, |
Deependra Singh, K.S. Verma |
ABSTRACT: This paper addressed to study about the performance of
polyphase AC motor drives fed by a three phase matrix converter through an
indirect space vector modulation technique under various load conditions.
Invention of direct transfer of Power conversion is convenient method to
eliminate DC link filter. Most of the Speed control method of AC drive has DC
link filter which play an important role in rectifier fed inverter system.
MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation of three phase induction motor
drive fed by a three-phase direct matrix converter feeding a various load
conditions is presented. The model has been performed with different
switching frequency of matrix converter. The simulation results of various loads
condition like rotor speed, stator current, input line current, output phase
voltage, etc. are presented in term of waveform to confirm the input currents
has sinusoidal and maximum output voltage per input voltage ratio is 0.866
with regard to operation under balance supply voltage. |
19. | A Comparative Study on the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Standard 162-170 |
Grade HFRSCC Under Confined and Unconfined States |
M Chandrasekhar, M V Seshagiri Rao, Maganti Janardhana |
ABSTRACT: Self compacting concrete (SCC), developed by Hajime
Okamura, has proved to be an excellent concrete in terms of its
compactability, flowability and durability apart from strength studies have
proved that the efficiency of the SCC can be further increased by introduction
of fibres like steel fibres, glass fibres etc. further enhances their toughness,
tensile strength, resistance to crack propagation there by further enhancing
the durability properties. The present paper deals with the behaviour of
standard grade hybrid fibre reinforced self compacting concrete which is made
with a combination of steel and glass fibres in suitable proportion. .It is
observed that the confinement of the concrete has increased the 28 days
strength from 12.39% to 28.2% for different percentages of confinements and
It peak stress and corresponding strain at peak stress increases with increase
in percentage confinements. An empirical equation is proposed between E and
fck, in the form of E= 5700vfck. Out of the two analytical models were
proposed for the stress-strain behaviour of HFRSCC under different
confinements it is observed that the model based on Seanz equation is
closely agreeing with experimental results. |
20. | Functional and Health Related Analysis in the Discipline of Prosthetics | 171-179 |
Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood, Ching Yee Yong, Rubita Sudirman, Camallil Omar, |
Kim Mey Chew |
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to identify the determinants
of patient satisfaction with outcome after a period of wearing prosthesis. The
instruments demonstrate adequate internal consistency of average mean 2.39
for lower extremity functional status and average mean 3.44 for health related
quality of life. Subjective variables associated with pain were independent
predictors of patient satisfaction. Thus, in assessing patient satisfaction,
importance of patient-derived subjective assessment of symptoms and
function are emphasized. Documenting mechanical stability of the prosthesis
is inadequate when reporting follow-up studies and a questionnaires assessing
patient satisfaction should be added to provide a better picture of the outcome
and results. |
21. | High Transmission Performance of Radio Over Fiber Systems over 180-196 |
Traditional Optical Fiber Communication Systems Using Different |
Coding Formats for Long Haul Applications |
Abd El–Naser A. Mohamed, Mohamed M. E. El-Halawany, |
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Mohamed S. F. Tabbour |
ABSTRACT: In the present paper, Radio over fiber (ROF) transport systems
have the potential to offer large transmission capacity, significant mobility and
flexibility, as well as economic advantage due to its broad bandwidth and low
attenuation characteristics. We have investigated parametrically and
numerically the high performance of Radio over fiber communication systems
over traditional optical communication systems using different coding formats
over wide range of the affecting operating parameters. Moreover we have
analyzed the transmission bit rates and products per channel based standard
single mode fiber made of both silica-doped and plastic materials with using
modified Shannon technique in addition to use different coding formats such
as Return to Zero (RZ) code, and Non Return to Zero (NRZ) code for ultra long
haul transmission applications. We have taken into account the bit error rate
(BER) for ROF systems with comparing it with traditional optical fiber
communication systems as a proof for improvement of signal to noise ratio. |
22. | LOW POWER PH SENSOR FOR - WIRELESS SENSOR | 197-203 |
NETWORK NODE AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION |
Kshitij Shinghal, Arti Noor, Neelam Srivastava, Raghuvir Singh |
ABSTRACT: A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is now widely used in
precision agriculture applications. Sensors play an important role in WSN. The
measurement of soil pH is arguably the most widely performed test in the
chemical laboratory, the use of pH sensitive field-effect transistors (pHFETS)
is proposed for remote monitoring of the nutrient solution composition for an
agricultural farm soil. The proposed system was formed by a sensor system
based on polymeric (PVC) membranes with cross selectivity with time
triggered sampling of sensor and its signal conditioning. With the optimized
model, th0e pH levels of soil were monitored and the time triggered approach
for sampling sensor improved the performance and lifetime of WSN node .The
approach appears as a feasible method for the on-line assessment of nutrients
and undesired compounds in fertigation solutions. |