Volume 17 Issue 3

S.No.	Article Title & Authors (Volume 17, Issue 3, June - 2024)	Page Nos.	Status
1.	Study of the Shear Strength of Cellular Concretes K. A. N. Silva, L. G. V. Silva, V. L. G. Teles, P. C. C. Gomes International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 158-166, June 2024. ABSTRACT TConcrete structural elements are typically subjected to different stresses. Shear stress commonly occurs in concrete elements, potentially leading to failure, whether they are structural or not. Despite being an important mechanical property, there is a lack of specific standards for shear testing in concrete elements. Foamed cellular concrete (FCC) is a special lightweight concrete with low density, and its mechanical properties are inferior to those of normal density concrete (NDC). However, very little is known about its shear strength. This article evaluates the shear stresses of FCC with different densities. For this purpose, two types of FCC were obtained by varying the foam dosage (10% - FCC10 and 20% - FCC20). Specific mass and compressive strength (fc) were also determined. FCC10 and FCC20 showed a decrease in fc of approximately 44% and 60% compared to NDC, respectively. The decrease in shear strength was comparatively smaller, around 31% and 47% in relation to NDC, respectively.	158-166	Online
2.	Microstructural Evaluation of Portland Cement Ternary Paste with Nanosilica (NS) and Metakaolin (MK) at Early Hydration Ages Jayme de Melo Ribeiro, Divino Gabriel Lima Pinheiro, Joao Henrique da Silva Rego, Fernando Pelisser, Moises Frias Rojas and Amparo Moragues Terrades International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 167-181, June 2024. ABSTRACT The production of high-performance cementitious compounds with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), such as metakaolin (MK) and nanosilica (NS), can generate synergistic effects on the cementitious matrix, altering the properties and molecular structure of C-S-H, especially at early hydration ages. This article proposes to carry out an evaluation of the compressive strength and microstructural alterations of ternary mixtures using NS and MK at the ages of 1, 3, and 7 days. At all early ages, it was verified that the 13MK2NS paste showed superior compressive strength to the ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) paste and that the peak of C-S-H occurred more quickly with greater heat flow. From the TG/DTG and FTIR tests, there was a greater consumption of calcium hydroxide (CH) by the ternary mixture 13MK2NS, mainly after 3 days of hydration. From Si29 NMR, it was also verified that the synergistic effects between NS and MK favors a greater incorporation of aluminium in the C-A-S-H structure at ages 1, 3, and 7 days. The results indicate that the synergistic effect between MK and NS occurs continuously throughout hydration from 1 day of hydration to, more expressively, 7 days.	167-181	Online
3.	Sparse Plant Identification Using the IPNLMS Algorithm with Parameter Optimization via Gravitational Search Alcineide Dutra Pessoa de Sousa and Gean Carlos Lopes de Sousa International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 182-190, June 2024. ABSTRACT Problems of identifying systems involving sparse plants have been objects of study, mainly regarding the use of adaptive filters. In this work, the behaviour of the IPNLMS (Improved Proportionate Normalized Least-Mean-Square) filter in estimating the coefficients of a sparse plant is investigated. This algorithm has, in essence, several parameters. To optimize the performance of IPNLMS, a gravitational search algorithm is used to estimate the optimal values of the proportionality parameter inherent to the individual gain of each coefficient. The results obtained indicate that the proposed methodology, when compared to other algorithms, presents a better convergence speed, but converges to a significantly higher error.	182-190	Online
4.	Critical Evaluation of the Numerical Design for the Metal Roof of a Shopping Center Bruno Henrique Lourenco Camargos, Gisele Pereira Moraes, Ana Flavia Oliveira Gomes, Luis Fernando Arruda Ferreira, Laila Eduarda Oliveira, Laura Valerio Rodrigues & Jaqueline Aparecida Melo International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 191-205, June 2024. ABSTRACT This study focuses on evaluating the project phase related to the investigation of stages and construction processes for the development's steel-structured roof. To reach this final stage, comprehensive studies were conducted on the designated construction site, including an examination of technical standards and relevant legislation governing building development. The shopping center, occupying a 6,480m² plot with a built-up area of 2,593m², encompasses commercial stores, a food court, restrooms, communal spaces, a bowling alley, circulation areas, and external parking. The design process utilized the Cype3D program (2017), employing stiffened U-type profiles for both purlins and truss bars in the optimized version. All design specifications were carefully considered to achieve optimal results in profile selection. It is important to note that a critical analysis, through additional checks, was performed to validate the effectiveness of the numerical simulation in comparison with manual design, adhering to the criteria outlined in NBR 8800 (ABNT, 2008).	191-205	Online
5.	Application Of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity To Evaluate The Homogeneity Of Foam Concrete Alexandre Nascimento de Lima, Paulo Cesar Correia Gomes, Wayne Silva de Assis, Arthur da Costa Vangasse, Glauber Tomaz Silva International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 206-217, June 2024. ABSTRACT In foam concrete (FC), the distribution of bubbles must be uniform throughout its internal structure, ensuring good performance. This paper, applying the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) technique and statistical tools, presents an evaluation study of the homogeneity of the internal structure of specimens from different FCs, in three stages. In the first, the homogeneity in each specimen; in the second, in samples of 03 specimen from the same FCs; and in the third, the heterogeneity of samples from the various FCs. The results proved that the UPV was efficient in proving that the various samples of the same FC come from the same material (uniform and homogeneous structure) and that the samples of the various FCs were identified as from different materials. The lowest correlation coefficient of th FCs sets, was 91.28%. Thus, UPV proved to be effective in identifying the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the internal structure of the FCs.	206-217	Online
6.	Checking the Load Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Corbel Through Elastic-Linear Numerical Analyses with Finite Element Modeling Thiago de Sousa Batista, Moises de Araujo Santos Jacinto, Marcos Henrique Costa Coelho Filho, Saymo Wendel de Jesus Peixoto Viana, Paulo Rafael Nunes e Silva Albuquerque International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 218-228 June 2024. ABSTRACT Short and very short corbels are commonly used as beam-column connection of precast, metallic, or composite concrete structures. Since the assumptions of beam theory does not apply in some of their regions, their analysis and design need to be meticulously performed, requiring the use of a strut-and-tie model or a friction-shear model. Due to the continuous technological advancement, it is possible to describe the behavior of these elements through structural analysis software. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the results of the computational analysis of one of the corbels tested by Fattuhi (1994), modelled using the finite element method (FEM) in SAP 2000 software, with the analyses performed on the same element using a strut-and-tie method based on NBR 9062:2027 and a truss containing the compressed strut and tie in its spans, based on what is stated in NBR 6118:2023 regarding the stresses developed in corbels. The results obtained suggest that the modelled corbel exhibited similar behaviour to that found through standards, also indicating shear failure due to insufficient longitudinal reinforcement and lack of transverse reinforcement. Thus, it can be concluded that the FEM modelling satisfactorily simulated the behaviour of the reinforced concrete corbel, resulting in values that were satisfactorily close to those observed in reality.	218-228	Online
7.	Determination of Load-Bearing Capacity in Deep Foundations using Artificial Neural Networks Lara Stéfany de Oliveira Cruz 1, Alcineide Dutra Pessoa de Sousa 2, Moisés de Araújo Santos Jacinto 3, Cláudio Luis de Araujo Neto 4 and Leandro Gomes Domingos International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 229-243, June 2024. ABSTRACT Knowing the geotechnical characteristics of the construction site is of utmost importance for the engineer when designing a project, regardless it is large, medium, or small in scale. By using SPT-N values, the designer will be capable of determining the load-bearing capacity of the soil. Semi-empirical models have been proposed to calculate the load-bearing capacity in deep foundations. However, these models are developed based mathematical frameworks and approximations, where the calculation is not always accurate. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are considered a mechanism capable of accurately calculating these values because they use more reliable variables. For this reason, the present study aims to propose the use of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks to determine the load-bearing capacity of deep foundations based on SPT-N values and depth. The database compiled from a series of 68 load tests carried out in the city of Balsas-MA, for which SPT-N values and their respective depths were available. To evaluate the obtained results, the roots of the mean squared errors (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. The results indicated that the proposed model is can determine the load-bearing capacity with a small error rate (RMSE) and high correlation with the values calculated using the classical formulas from the literature	229-243	Online
8.	Analysis of Direct Functionalization of Nanosilica with APTES for Application in Cementitious Composites Kleymer Henrique Pereira Silva, Maria Jose De Souza Serafim, Andreia de Paula, Yuri Sotero Bomfim Fraga and Joao Henrique da Silva Rego International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 244-258 June 2024. ABSTRACT This article has the objective of discussing the effects of direct functionalization of NS) with aminosilane from a colloidal NS and reagent 3 -aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), without using any chemical solvent. A first reaction was prepared with the reagents 4 mL of APTES, 100 mL of dichloromethane (H2CCl2) and 60 mL, forming NSF4. An alternative reaction process was developed, removing dichloromethane and without using any other solvent, forming NSF4WD. Some techniques were used to evaluate the efficiency of the reactions: pH, solids content, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, TGA and FTIR. Portland cement pastes and mortars were produced to evaluate the effect of NS produced by the two different functionalization processes on hydration kinetics, porosity and compressive strength (at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days). The results showed that the use of dichloromethane in the functionalization process does not present significant contributions, since NSF4WD presented similar results to NSF4. It is concluded that the direct alternative method proved to be effective in grafting APTES onto the NS surface, in addition to meet the principles of Green Chemistry by not using toxic solvents, minimizing negative impacts on the environment and optimizing the functionalization process.	244-258	Online
9.	Detection of Disturbances in the Aquatic Environment via Deep Learning and Artificial Neural Network Integrated with Statistical Methods Monik S. Sousa, Alan de C. Araujo, Yan F. da Silva, Aristofanes C. Silva, Alcione M. dos Santos and Joao V. da Fonseca Neto International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 259-276, June 2024. ABSTRACT This study, two methodologies for detecting of oil slicks on the ocean surface are presented, based on the classification of images captured by the synthetic aperture radar. Grounded on these approaches, two algorithms were presented for the critical decision-making module of the system. The first, called LDA-MLP, combines classic techniques such as the linear discriminant analysis algorithm, with a multilayer perceptron neural network. This model does not process the image to build the predictive model, reducing processing time and is different from other classification methods. The second, known as DL-U-net, utilizes a more current technique, a neural network based on deep learning, U-net. This model performs image processing, like a filter, to eliminate noise and instances irrelevant to this classification. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it is concluded that the methods of detecting oil slicks have good precision, LDA-MLP is simpler and has a shorter processing time.	259-276	Online
10.	Functional Cause Analysis (FCA) Adaptation of FMEA and FTA: a Case Study of a Cubesat Alex Maxwell Silva Nascimento, Giuliani Paulineli Garbi, Marcos Aurelio Ferreira Dos Santos and Manoel Jozeane Mafra de Carvalho International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 3, pp. 277-288 June 2024. ABSTRACT Studies on satellites have progressed over the years, following technological advancements. Consequently, the concept of small satellites, known as CubeSats, emerged. Initially intended for academic purposes, these satellites gained prominence by assuming functions previously performed only by larger satellites. Despite this, CubeSats face significant challenges, such as low reliability in their missions, due to financial constraints, time limitations and lack of experience among their developers, especially in academic projects. Faced with these challenges, a need exists for methods and tools that facilitate development and improvement of the dependability of these missions, considering their difficulties. The objective of this work is to present an adaptation of traditional failure analysis tools, FMEA and FTA, as a more agile alternative for project failure analysis. Such objective is aimed to be accomplished using a case study in developing a CubeSat, aiming to simplify implementation and make the techniques more practical for teams with limited resources. The FCA has proven to be fully functional, as demonstrated in the case study, being as effective as traditional tools and providing a reduction of approximately 50% in the development stages and processes, thanks to its more objective and direct approach. In addition to the benefits obtained, the FCA has proven to be a tool of generic use, applicable to any project requiring an easy-to-use tool, with reduced application time and producing solid results, especially in teams with limited resources, thus promoting their success.	277-288	Online