Volume 17 Issue 2

S.No.	Article Title & Authors (Volume 17, Issue 2, April - 2024)	Page Nos.	Status
1.	Alignment Study of an Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments Calibration Baseline using Total Station Isaac Ramos Junior, Andrea de Seixas, Silvio Jacks dos Anjos Garnes International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 90-97, April 2024. ABSTRACT This article examines the alignment of an electronic distance measuring instrument calibration baseline at the Recife campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. The baseline consists of seven pillars equipped with a forced centering device labeled P1 to P7. Pillars P1 and P7 serve as the endpoints for the alignment, with the remaining pillars positioned in between. Data collection was performed using a Topcon GT-605 robotic total station, by the radiation method. Subsequently, the collected data was transferred to a computer and processed with a Python-based program. To delve into the results further, precision estimates were computed. The analysis revealed minor differences in alignment among the pillars, but P2, P4, P5, and P6 exhibited values exceeding the nominal precision of the equipment, that is +/- 2 mm +2ppm. Furthermore, the study indicated that the slight misalignment opens up the possibility of treating the base as a closed traverse in future surveys, such as that formed by pillars P1, P3, P4, P7, P6, P5, P2, P1, opening the way to numerous opportunities of future research.	90-97	Online
2.	Transesterification of Sunflower Oil in an Atomization System Marcell Santana de Deus; Katherine Carrilho de Oliveira Deus; Gloria Louine Vital da Costa; Gleyson Batista de Oliveira; Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Padilha; Anderson Alles de Jesus; Jackson Araujo de Oliveira; Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 98-105, April 2024. ABSTRACT Difficulties in mass transfer have been widely reported as challenges to be overcome in biodiesel production. In this context, the present study proposes using atomization to improve the transesterification of sunflower oil via the ethyl route. Preliminary experiments were carried out using different dosages of sodium hydroxide (0.1%-2.0%, w/w) and modes of operation (batch, dripping, and atomization). An experimental design was also carried out to evaluate the effects of atomization pressure (0.5-1.5 bar) and oil flow (3-9 g/min) on the conversion into ethyl ester. Generally, the highest conversion values were obtained during the first moments of operation (15 min) and under the highest ethanol: oil ratios. The conversion values followed the following feeding order: atomization > dripping > batch by reducing oil size. Under the ethanol: oil ratio of 60:1, 98.3% conversion was achieved in the atomization system using a pressure of 1.5 bar and an oil flow rate of 3 g/min, showing that this reactor design is attractive for biodiesel production.	98-105	Online
3.	Unraveling first-line protection: the vital role of Primary Health Care in addressing the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil Tainá Sayuri Onuma de Oliveira, Gabriela Maria Coimbra Coelho de Assis, Auriele Cristine de Souza da Costa, Josias Botelho da Costa, Maria Cristina Souza Rodrigues, Hosana de Nazaré Miranda de Carvalho, Marta Cleonice Cordeiro de Assunção, Simone Ribeiro Vieira Borges, Leiliane Cristina de Souza Costa, Wanda Carla Conde Rodrigues, Leonardo Conde Maia, Gleyce Pinto Girard, Elisângela Claudia de Medeiros Moreira, Raphaely Freire de Amorim Sobra, Lis Ferreira Barbosa, Israel Costa Garcia, Manoela Serra Guimarães, Andressa Torres Oliveira, Brenda Belize da Silva Santos, José Irlailson Alves Oliveira, Mariana de Oliveira Moreira Braz, Alex de Oliveira Vasconcelos, Alana de Oliveira Barrêto14, Francielle da Rosa de Almeida15, Adriane Wosny Guimarães, Ana Trindade Pereira, Edgar de Brito Sobrinho, Luceme Martins Silva, Flávia Renata Neves Costa, Ana Caroline Guedes Souza Martins International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 106-119, April 2024. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to unravel the vital role of Primary Health Care (PHC) in addressing the Covid-19 pandemic. This is an Integrative Literature Review that selected 13 scientific articles published from January 2020 to June 2023, in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, through the descriptors “Covid-19”, “Primary Health Care” and “Brazil”. From the analysis of the articles, the following categorization was carried out: Primary Health Care and Covid-19 in Brazil; Restructuring of Popular Health Education in Health and its focus on PHC; Reorganization of service flows in the health care network; Successful strategies for coping with Covid-19 in PHC at municipal, state and national level; Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic – Coping in PHC; Integrated health surveillance and APS actions in the Covid-19 pandemic. It is concluded that there is a need for greater investments and public policies that strengthen PHC, enabling it to play a central role in responding to future health crises, as well as strengthening health systems as a whole, aiming at a more resilient approach and effective way to face present and future challenges.	106-119	Online
4.	Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Amazonian Biochar Alemar Pereira Torres, Rayanne Oliveira de Araujo, Newton Paulo de Souza Falcao, Carlos Eduardo Neves de Castro and Consuelo Alves da Frota International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 120-132, April 2024. ABSTRACT Alternative materials, notably those that help the sustainable development, result in great environmental, social, and economic benefits. In this respect, biochar is a promising option in geotechnical problems, such as in improving the mechanical properties of asphalt binder. The present research performs an experimental and theoretical rheological study on the asphalt concrete added with biochar from the Brazil nut hedgehog biomass, using the four-point bending test and the Huet-Sayegh rheological model. Two types of hot asphalt composites were studied: i) a reference mixture without biochar (CA+0%BC); and ii) a modified asphalt binder with the addition of 3% of biochar (CA+3% BC). It is observed that for these asphalt mixtures the dynamic modulus decreases with the increasing of the temperature and frequency, as well as the phase angle behaves inversely proportional to the frequency. The behavior of the master curve and at the reference temperature of 40°C point out that the biochar mixed into asphalt cement produces great stability for CA at high temperatures. The values of the dynamic modulus determined from the Huet-Sayegh model and experimental showed excellent approximations for both composites asphalt.	120-132	Online
5.	Performance Modelling of Flexible Rural Road Pavements in Myanmar Nandar Tun, Kyaing and Moe Thet Thet Aye International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 133-139, April 2024. ABSTRACT The study aims to determine the factors influencing rural road pavement conditions in Myanmar to improve maintenance and extend pavement lifespan. This paper calculates the visual pavement condition index (VCI) using guidelines for the visual assessment of road pavement and develops a performance model for flexible rural pavements using regression analysis. Visual inspections indicated that ravelling, potholes, edge drops, and bleeding were the most common distresses, highlighting the need for targeted maintenance, especially for severe distress problems. The findings indicate that the positive correlation between pavement condition and construction quality can be statistically explained by the multiple linear regression model. In contrast, pavement condition was negatively affected by factors such as ravelling, edge drop, bleeding, potholes, and pavement age. This study helps authorities allocate resources to reduce poverty and achieve Myanmar's development objectives. Rural road networks may benefit from evidence-based pavement management, enhancing socioeconomic development and community well-being.	133-139	Online
6.	Landscape Transformations: From Perception to Urban Sustainability Sandra Medina Benini, Jeane Aparecida Rombi de Godoy, Angelo Palmisano International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 140-148 April 2024. ABSTRACT This article aimed to address the evolution of the interaction between human beings and the environment, highlighting the transition from simple observation of nature to a comprehensive understanding of the landscape as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. From Georg Simmel's distinction between nature and landscape, through the contributions of Augustin Berque and Gordon Cullen, to contemporary perspectives, the discussion about landscape has evolved to incorporate cultural, social, and emotional dimensions. The analysis demonstrates how the landscape, initially seen as a mere section of nature, has become a central element in discussions about sustainability, quality of life, and sociocultural integration, emphasizing its importance in urban planning and landscape architecture. It highlighted the need for an interdisciplinary approach that views the landscape as a system composed of biophysical, urban, and sociocultural elements, aiming to promote sustainability, social inclusion, and the improvement of quality of life in cities. The importance of open spaces in urban and regional landscape planning and design is underscored, exemplified by innovative projects such as the São Luís do Maranhão Urban Landscape Plan and the Curitiba Landscape Planning. These projects, in addition to integrating natural and built elements, emphasize the importance of the local context and the specific characteristics of each region, aiming to create greener, more livable, and resilient cities. In this sense, the relevance of a holistic understanding of landscape and landscape architecture, which considers the variety of subsystems and scales involved, recognizing the landscape as a multifaceted system that encompasses natural and human aspects, was highlighted. The dynamic nature of the landscape and the need for adaptive and reflective criteria in planning and management are emphasized, suggesting that landscape architecture can be a powerful tool in transforming cities, promoting more sustainable, livable, and resilient urban environments.	140-148	Online
7.	Technological Prospection on Ways to Peel, Pulp and Extract the Main Raw Materials from Oil Seeds with Emphasis on Macaúba Artur Saturnino Rodrigues, Rogério Marcos Ribeiro Aguiar, Thiago Arrais Maro, Juan Pedro Bretas Roa, David Lee Nelson, Vivian Machado Benassi International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 2, pp. 149-157, April 2024. ABSTRACT The biofuels industry has benefited from technological innovations applied to macaúba, a palm tree native to Brazil with a high oil content in its seeds. Efficient peeling and pulping methods are crucial to optimize the production of biofuels from this raw material to increase its availability and quality. An advanced search in the database of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), in the title and summary fields, referring to patents related to machinery for peeling, pulping and extracting macaúba oil and fruits was performed. The results were satisfactory because we did not find patents related to our research topic. This fact provides us with a unique opportunity to develop our own patent. Finally, it identified gaps in the Brazilian macaúba processing market, but also pointed to a promising path for future innovations in the sector.	149-157	Online